Vitamins B12

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Vitamin B12 is critically necessary for the functioning of the brain and
nervous system and for the formation of blood. It affects metabolism in
every cell in the body and is directly involved in energy production.

Low B12 can cause
• Pernicious Anemia
• blood cells that are too large
• weak muscles; inflammation
• neurologic symptoms such as numbness in hands and feet
• blurred vision under stress
• impaired reflexes
• gait disturbances, such as difficulty walking a straight line
• psychiatric symptoms such as irritability, depression, confusion,
memory disturbances
• symptoms of anemia including tiredness, shortness of breath, labored
breathing
• impotence
• incontinence
• white patches of skin
• hair loss

• Neurological symptoms from low vitamin B12 may appear before the
B12 is low enough long enough for blood abnormalities to develop

• B12 deficiency in the elderly, commonly occuring due to digestive
issues, can cause symptoms mimicing Alzheimer's disease

• Low B12 causes include
• smoking
• inadequate nutrition
• high alcohol consumption
• significant stress
• stomach surgery

• Medications that may lower B12 include
• antiacids
• proton pump inhibitors
• Omeprazole
• Metformin
• many antidepressants

• Low B12 is common in Individuals with
• gastrointestinal disease
• any autoimmune condition
• narcolepsy
• hypothyroidism
• rheumatoid arthritis
• vegans/ vegetarians

• Adequate stomach acid is necessary to release B12 from foods


B12 test results discussed here
Supplementing B12 discussed here